eolas/zk/IP_addresses.md

title	tags	created
IP_addresses	networks internet	Friday, August 16, 2024

IP addresses

IPv4 vs IPv6

IP addresses come in two formats and bit-lengths depending on which version of the Internet Protocol is being used.

• IPv4 addresses are 32-bits in length
• IPv6 addresses are 128-bits in length

The larger the bit-length, the more unique addresses that can be generated. Thus IPv6 can create more addresses that IPv4.

This entry focuses on IPv4 addresses.

Anatomy of an IPv4 address

Each of the 32 bits are divided into four groups which are each 8 bits in length. Each group therefore comprises an octet and is separated by dots.

The decimal number system, rather than binary is used to represent the values. This means each binary octet is three decimal digits in length.

The 32 bits comprise two major groupings

• the network prefix
• the host