121 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
121 lines
4.1 KiB
Markdown
---
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tags: [docker]
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---
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# Docker images
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Docker needs an image to run a container. Images are stored in the local
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registry. If it can't find it, it will try and pull it from Docker Hub.
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## View your local images
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```
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docker images
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```
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```sh
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REPOSITORY TAG IMAGE ID CREATED SIZE
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debian latest e6d9c9c3e100 12 days ago 118MB
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ubuntu latest bab8ce5c00ca 6 weeks ago 69.2MB
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cda/mysql-5.7 latest 312ce2a6cea5 3 months ago 495MB
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cda/node-16 latest b26e54c8fa11 3 months ago 1.44GB
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bitnami/minio latest ef6d14df2158 3 months ago 229MB
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opensearchproject/opensearch 1.3.7 0f8ef57c3629 4 months ago 831MB
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hello-world latest 46331d942d63 13 months ago 9.14kB
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```
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## Repository, registry, tag
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When you specify the name of an image, you are referring to the image's
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repository. The registry is the list of repositories available on the Docker
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Hub. Each repository has a tag, indicating the current production branch.
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For example:
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```
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docker run -it ubuntu:18:04 /bin/bash
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```
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- `ubuntu` is the image repository
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- `18.04` is the image tag
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> The Image ID distinguishes the image globally and is not local to you.
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To get detailed info on an image:
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```
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docker image inspect debian
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```
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## "Dangling" images
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A "dangling" image is an unused image - one that is not associated with a
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container. Re move dangling images with
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```
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docker image prune
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```
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## Anatomy of a Docker image: layering
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The process of constructing a Docker image involves creating a series of
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intermediate layers, each representing a change or addition to the filesystem.
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These layers are stacked on top of one another, forming the final image. This
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approach is called layering.
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Layering in Docker images offers several benefits:
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1. Reusability: Common layers can be shared between multiple images, reducing
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disk space usage and build time. For example, if multiple images use the same
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base operating system, they can all share the same base layer.
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2. Caching: During the build process, Docker caches layers that have already
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been built. If a layer hasn't changed, Docker will reuse it in subsequent
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builds, speeding up the build process.
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3. Incremental updates: When updating an image, only the layers that have
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changed need to be updated and redistributed. This reduces the size of
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updates and makes the process more efficient.
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Each instruction in the Dockerfile creates a new layer in the image. Some common
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instructions include:
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- `FROM`: Specifies the base image to start with (e.g., an operating system or
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an existing image).
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- `RUN`: Executes a command, often used for installing packages or configuring
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the system.
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- `COPY`: Copies files or directories from the host machine to the image.
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- `ADD`: Similar to COPY but can also handle URLs and automatic extraction of
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archives.
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- `ENV`: Sets environment variables that will be available inside the container.
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- `CMD`: Specifies the default command to run when a container is started from
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the image.
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- `ENTRYPOINT` : Similar to CMD, but allows the container to be run as an
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executable, with additional arguments.
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When building an image, Docker starts with the base image specified in the FROM
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instruction and applies each subsequent instruction, creating a new layer for
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each step. The final result is a layered image that contains the application and
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its dependencies, ready to be run as a container.
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### The read-write layer
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The final layer at the "top" of the image is a thin read-write layer. In
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contrast to the intermediate layers it can execute read-write functionality and
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is not read-only.
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Files in the intermediate layer cannot be modified, only the read-write layer
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can be modified. Files are copied over from intermediate layers when requested
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by the read-write layer, rather being modified themselves.
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Tip for writing build files:
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Things that change less should be higher up (earlier). Things that change more
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should be twoardds the end. This allows for better layer caching. Particularly
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bear this in mind with the commands: RUN, COPY, ADD.
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