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+---
+title: Very_Short_History_of_Computing_2022
+tags: [literature, computer-history]
+created: Friday, August 23, 2024
+---
+
+# _The History of Computing: A Very Short Introduction_ Swade
+
+| Title                                               | Author      | Publication date | Resource type |
+| --------------------------------------------------- | ----------- | ---------------- | ------------- |
+| The History of Computing: A Very Short Introduction | Doron Swade | 2022             | Book          |
+
+## Timeline
+
+A typical timeline approach rooted in major innovations.
+
+- Ancient aids to counting: knotted cords and notched sticks
+- Ancient aids to calculation: counting boards and abacii
+- Early mechanical calculator devices in the 17th century (number wheels,
+  Pascal, Leibniz)
+- Modern aids to calculation: slide rules following the discovery of
+  [logarithms](Logarithms.md)
+- Mechanized calculating engines of Babbage in the 19th century
+- Punched-card machines leading to IBM in the early 20th century
+- Analogue and electro-mechanical computers of the early 20th century inclusive
+  of wartime computers
+- Early valve-based (vacuum-tubed) digital computers (again wartime and early
+  Cold War)
+- The invention of the transistor and first fully-digital computers
+- The invention of [integrated_circuits](Integrated_circuits.md)
+- Supercomputers
+- Minicomputers
+- Consumer personal computers
+- Internet and later, Web
+- Smart phones