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20
Operating_Systems/Disks.md
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@ -8,7 +8,7 @@ tags:
A disk is a mass storage [device](./Devices.md) which we can write to and read from.
## SCSI
* Small Computer System Interface
* Small Computer System Interface, responsible for handling disk access on most Linux systems.
* Pronounced _scuzzy_.
* It is a protocol that allows communicaton between printers, scanners and other peripherals in addition to harddisks.
* The `/sda/` device that is the most common designation for the harddisk in Linux systems stands for *SCSI disk*.
@ -19,14 +19,14 @@ The following diagram represents the basic anatomy of a disk device.
![](/img/harddisk.png)
* A disk is divided up into *partitions* which are subsections of the overall disk. The kernel presents each partition as a [block device](./Devices.md#Devices.md) as it would with an entire disk.
* The disk dedicates a small part of its contents to a *partition table*: this defines the different partitions that comprise the total disk space.
* The *filesystem* is a database of files and directories: this comprises the bulk of the partition and is what you interact with in [user space](./User_Space.md) when reading and writing data.
* A disk is divided up into **partitions** which are subsections of the overall disk. The kernel presents each partition as a [block device](./Devices.md#Devices.md) as it would with an entire disk.
* The disk dedicates a small part of its contents to a **partition table**: this defines the different partitions that comprise the total disk space.
* The **filesystem** is a database of files and directories: this comprises the bulk of the partition and is what you interact with in [user space](./User_Space.md) when reading and writing data.
## Partitioning disks
### Viewing current partitions
Whenever you install a Linux distribution on a real or virtual machine, you must partition the drive. There are three main tools that people choose from: `parted`, `g(raphical)parted`, `fdisk`.
Whenever you install a Linux distribution on a real or virtual machine, you must partition the drive. There are three main tools to choose from: `parted`, `g(raphical)parted`, `fdisk`.
We can use `parted -l` to view the partition table for the current machine:
@ -59,14 +59,18 @@ Device Start End Sectors Size Type
/dev/nvme0n1p2 1001472 59594751 58593280 27.9G Linux filesystem
/dev/nvme0n1p3 59594752 1000214527 940619776 448.5G Linux filesystem
```
The two tools disclose the following information:
So my main harddrive is `/dev/nvme0n1` (equivalent to and it has the standard three partitions:
The two tools disclose that the main harddrive is `/dev/nvme0n1` (equivalent to `sda` on older machines running Linux) and it has the standard three partitions:
* Boot partition (`/dev/nvme0n1p1`)
* This takes up the smallest amount of space and exists in order to bootstrap the operating system: to load the kernel into memory when the machine starts. This is where your bootloader is stored and that will be accessed by the BIOS. In Linux this will be GRUB.
* Root dir (`/dev/nvme0n1p2`)
* This is the domain of the [superuser](./User_Space.md#root-user-superuser). The part of the filesystem that you need sudo priveleges to access and where you manage users
* Home dir (`/dev/nvme0n1p3`)
### Types of partition table
In general there are two types of partition table: MBR and GPT however each operating system has its own variations on these core types.
## ! To cover
What is gpt/uefi/efi