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Hardware/Logic_Gates/Creating_memory_with_NAND.md
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Hardware/Logic_Gates/Creating_memory_with_NAND.md
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---
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title: Creating memory with NAND gates
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categories:
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- Computer Architecture
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- Electronics
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- Hardware
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tags: [logic-gates, binary]
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---
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# Creating memory with NAND gates
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---
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# Logic gates
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> [A logic gate consists in] three connections where there may or may not be some electricity. Two of those connections are places where electricity may be put into the device, and the third connection is a place where electricity may come out of the device. (Scott, 2009 p.21)
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Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital computing. **A logic gate is an electrical circuit that has one or more than one input and only one output.** The input controls the output and the logic determining which types of input (on/off) lead to specific outputs (on/off) is identical to the truth-conditions of the [Boolean connectives](../../Logic/Truth-functional_connectives.md) specifiable in terms of [truth-tables](../../Logic/Truth-tables.md).
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Logic gates are the basic building blocks of digital computing. **A logic gate is an electrical circuit that has one or more than one input and only one output.** The input controls the output and the logic determining which types of input (on/off) lead to specific outputs (on/off) is identical to the truth-conditions of the [Boolean connectives](../../Logic/Truth-functional_connectives.md) specifiable in terms of [truth-tables](../../Logic/Truth-tables.md).
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Physically, what 'travels through' the gates is electrical current and what constitutes the 'gate' is a transistor responding to the current. But on a more abstract level it is bits that go into the gate and bits which come out: binary information that may be either 1 or 0.
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Physically, what 'travels through' the gates is electrical current and what constitutes the 'gate' is a transistor responding to the current. At the next level of abstraction it is bits that go into the gate and bits which come out: binary information that may be either 1 or 0.
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## References
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A NAND gate is a logic gate that inverts the truth-conditions for `AND`.
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A real-life circuit showing two switches corresponding to two transistors which control the LED light:
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In this circuit, there are two transistors, each connected to a switch. The switches control the LED light. So the switches are the input and the LED is the output.
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For clarity, we are not going to draw both transistors, we will simplify the diagram with a symbol for them which stands for the NAND gate:
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Diagram representing NAND gate:
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<img src="/home/thomas/repos/computer_science/img/NAND.png" width="180" />
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The diagram below shows how the circuit models the truth conditions for `NAND`
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Diagram representing NAND gate:
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<img src="/home/thomas/repos/computer_science/img/NAND.gif" width="400" />
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* When both switches are off (corresponding to `false` `false`) the output is on (the bulb lights up).
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* If either one of the switches are on, the output remains on (corresponding to `true` `false` or `false` `true` )
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* It is only when both switches are on, that the output is off (corresponding to `true` `true` )
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This is the exact opposite to the truth-conditions for AND.
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## Transliterating the logic truth-table to the switch behaviour
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f t f
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f f f
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```
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We can see that it inverts the value of AND.
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## Significance of the NAND gate: functional completeness
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