2024-10-28 15:52:09 +00:00
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tags: [internet, ARPANET]
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created: Sunday, October 27, 2024
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---
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# 4da22434_from_ARPANET_to_Internet
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By the mid-1970s many additional computer networks had emerged which also used
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#packet-switching.
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It was the success of ARPANET as a "proof of concept" for packet-switching that
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led to these additional networks being created in other countries and contexts.
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Some used different modes of transmission than the #ARPANET's phone-wire based
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system such as radio waves and satellites. However this created a problem: these
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networks were siloed from each other and a bridge was needed to connect them.
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Those working on the ARPANET steering committee (the Information Processing
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Techniques Office (IPTO) within ARPA/DARPA) began to discuss what they called a
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"concatenated network" or "CATENET" that would connect these different networks
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together. Thus emerged the idea of a _network of networks_ or _inter-network_.
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For this to work it would be necessary to construct "gateways": routing
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computers that would hand-off messages from one network to another.
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This required a new protocol because the Network Control Protocol was only
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designed to work _within_ the ARPANET with its IMPs. Unlike the IMPs, the
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gateways would not be responsible for reconstituting packets or ensuring
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reliability, this would be shifted to the hosts. The protocol was the
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[Transmission Control Protocol/Internet Protocol](Internet_Layer_of_Internet_Protocol.md).
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TCP would be responsible for packet assembly and disassembly and IP for routing.
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The "common language" of TCP/IP and the growth in networks in addition to the
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ARPANET is what formed the Internet. Different commercial groups and research
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enterprises inaugurated their own networks and, one-by-one, they adopted TCP and
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became accessible to each other.
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As the ARPANET was retired, its individual sites either became nodes within the
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Internet or they split off into sub-networks such as MILNET (which was part of
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the ARPANET retained for classified military communication). The IMPs were
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retired in favour of TCP/IP routers.
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_The ARPANET in 1973_
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_The ARPANET as part of an inter-network 1977_
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2024-10-30 13:34:40 +00:00
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_The ARPANET in 1977_
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2024-10-28 15:52:09 +00:00
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_The Internet in 1984_
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